The Relationship Between Pregnancy BMI on Maternal and Neonatal Complication at Aranyaprathet Hospital

Abstract

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in women of reproductive age is a critical indicator of nutritional status. Both pre-pregnancy body weight and gestational weight gain significantly influence the health outcomes of pregnant women and their fetuses. This study aims to investigate the association between BMI and gestational weight gain with maternal and neonatal complications at Aranyaprathet Hospital. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who received antenatal care within 12 weeks of gestation and delivered at Aranyaprathet Hospital, Sa Kaeo Province, between April 1, 2023, and March 31, 2024. A total of
462 participants were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including relative risk (RR) and log-binomial regression. Results of the 462 pregnant women, 131 (28.35%) had a BMI classified as overweight or obese, and 173 (37.45%) exceeded the recommended gestational weight gain. Multivariable analysis, adjusted for maternal age, revealed that BMI classified as overweight or obese was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (Adj. RR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.21–2.80) and macrosomia (Adj. RR = 4.95; 95% CI = 1.99–12.32). Excessive gestational weight gain was associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia (Adj. RR = 3.95; 95% CI = 1.72–9.06). Pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain significantly impact maternal and neonatal complications, particularly increasing the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Weight control before and during pregnancy is crucial in mitigating these risks.