Outbreak Study of Dengue Fever Non Muang Subdistrict, Na Klang District, Nong Bua Lamphu Province Between October 30 – November 16, 2023

Abstract

This study examined the dengue fever outbreak in Non Muang subdistrict to analyze its distribution based on person, time, and place. The study included surveys of mosquito breeding sites, an assessment of public awareness and perception of dengue fever, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of chemical fogging equipment. It also aimed to establish measures to control the outbreak. The study found that the outbreak occurred between May and October, coinciding with the rainy season. The most were among students aged 5-9 years, presenting symptoms of dengue fever (DF). A total of 46 cases were reported across 15 villages in Non Muang subdistrict coinciding with the rainy season. Villages 1, 8, 12, and 15 experienced the highest outbreak rates. Disease Control Measures: The Communicable Disease Control Unit (CDCU) implemented the "3-3-1" strategy to control the mosquito vector. This included fogging chemicals within a 100 meter radius of the patients' homes. Surveys indicated that the House Index (HI) exceeded the critical threshold of 5 in the area. However, the chemical preparation for Ultra Low Volume (ULV) fogging was below the recommended standard. Community efforts to eliminate mosquito larvae included raising fish in water containers, but this method did not cover all potential breeding sites. The study on public perception and awareness revealed that the majority of respondents (75%) were aware of the initial symptoms of dengue fever. Half (50%) recognized that Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) should not be taken when infected. 87.50% of participants understood that without timely treatment, dengue fever could lead to death. Regarding preventive behaviors, 87.50% engaged in eliminating mosquito breeding sites in and around their homes. Common methods included raising larvivorous fish (62.50%), using mosquito nets (50%), eliminating mosquito larvae in household areas (43.80%), and eliminating adult mosquitoes inside the home (43.80%). This dengue outbreak was likely caused by the introduction and spread of the dengue virus into the area, as some students were studying outside the community and returned without protection against mosquito bites. In addition, the outbreak occurred during the rainy season, which contributed to an increase in mosquito breeding opportunities due to the presence of water-holding containers both inside and outside homes. Continuous community-based campaigns for mosquito prevention are recommended. Regarding the use of chemical fogging machines, chemicals should be mixed in the correct proportions, and equipment should be properly maintained and kept ready for use at all times. Relevant agencies should collaborate to implement effective disease control measures and maintain strict disease surveillance.