Health risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals via consumption of sticky rice around municipal landfill

Abstract

     This research was conducted to assess health risk from exposure to heavy metal (Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Manganese and Copper) via consumption sticky rice (Oryza Zativa) surrounding Khon Kaen municipal landfill in Mueang district, Khon Kaen province. Heavy metals contamination in water, soil, and sticky rice was assessed. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Health risk assessment through sticky rice consumption was measured with hazard quotient (HQ). The results found that all heavy metals concentration in water samples exceeds the water standards. The highest heavy metal concentration in water sample was zinc (202.22±60.53 มก./ล.). The heavy metals concentration in soil

     samples found that arsenic and chromium concentration exceed the soil standard. The highest heavy metal concentration soil sample was zinc (2,092±48.56 มก./กก.). All heavy metals concentration in sticky rice samples exceeds the standard contamination in food except copper.  The highest heavy metal concentration sticky rice sample was manganese (533.99±68.56 มก./กก.). Health risk assessment of heavy metals through sticky rice consumption found that the HQ value in all heavy metals were greater than 1 except chromium. The highest HQ value was arsenic (64.31), and the lowest HQ values was chromium (0.09). The untreated leachate from the municipal landfill was released into the environment resulting to heavy metals accumulation in sticky rice.  Local people eat sticky rice regularly, thus they are at a risk of health status and ecosystem both short and long term period.