Factors Associated with Intelligence Quotient Levels Among First-Grade Primary School Students in Health Region 10

Abstract

     This cross-sectional survey research aimed to study the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) levels and factors associated with IQ among first-grade primary school students in Health Region 10. The sample consisted of 1,411 students, obtained through multi-stage sampling. Data was collected using the Standard Progressive Matrices, Parallel Version (SPM parallel version) test. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. The strength of associations was presented using ORadj values at a statistical significance level of .05.
     The research results showed that students in Mukdahan province had an average IQ of 102.9, higher than the global average (IQ = 100). Students in Si Sa Ket, Yasothon, Amnat Charoen, and Ubon Ratchathani provinces had average IQ levels below the global average. It was found that children with hyperactivity/inattention were 1.66 times more likely to have a lower IQ than normal children. Children with peer relationship problems were 1.62 times more likely to have a lower IQ than normal children. Children with above-normal emotional quotient (EQ) in the happiness domain were 1.62 times more likely to have a higher IQ level than children with below-normal EQ. Children with above-normal overall EQ were 2.48 times more likely to have a higher IQ than children with below-normal EQ. Children with autism spectrum disorder were 2.45 times more likely to have a lower IQ than normal children. In conclusion, factors associated with low IQ levels in first-grade primary school students include hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and autism, while high EQ is associated with higher IQ levels. Therefore, the development of EQ and social skills should be promoted alongside intellectual development.