Nursing care of a Diabetes Mellitus patient with complications of Pneumonia and Septic Shock with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A case study.

Abstract

     This study is a case study. The objective was to study nursing care of a Diabetes Mellitus patient with complications of Pneumonia and Septic shock with Diabetic Ketoacidosis. The study was a 49-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of fever, cough, and dyspnea 8 hours before coming to the hospital. He had a history of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Chronic Kidney Disease stage 3.

     The study's results found that during the first 1–2 days, the patient had problems with Pneumonia, Sepsis, Hyperglycemia causing Ketoacidosis, Hyperkalemia, Urea and ammonia are nitrogenous waste products that accumulate in the body, and anemia. They received treatment with antibiotics, intravenous fluids, insulin subcutaneous injections based on the results of blood sugar tests, potassium - chelation drug, and iron supplements. Important nursing care includes assessing the patient's level of consciousness, vital signs, and oxygen saturation levels. The patient assesses for abnormal breathing, ensuring adequate tissue perfusion, administering adequate intravenous fluids, administering antibiotics, insulin, and potassium chelators according to the treatment plan, decreasing nitrogenous, urea and ammonium waste products in the blood, and ensuring the patient receives medications, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12, essential for red blood cell production. After receiving treatment and nursing care, the patient developed septic shock, increased nitrogenous/urea levels in the blood, and high blood sugar levels. The doctor prescribes antihypertensive medications, intravenous regular insulin, and refer the patient to a hospital with higher capabilities. The total length of stay was four days.