Nursing care for patient with diabetes, hypertension and transient ischemic attack : A case study.

Abstract

     This study was case study aimed to study the nursing care of a patient with diabetes mellitus and hypertension experiencing a transient ischemic attack (TIA). A 73-year-old Thai male presented to Phra Narai Maharaj Hospital with dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, and fatigue for 2 days. He had a history of transient numbness and weakness in his left arm and leg on two separate occasions before hospital admission.

     Study Results: He also had a history of hypertension and elevated blood glucose levels. Brain CT imaging revealed multiple old cerebral infarctions, indicating a risk of recurrent ischemic events. The primary diagnosis was Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) with hypertension and hyperglycemia. The patient had a known history of diabetes and hypertension but had not received continuous treatment, was non-adherent to medication, and had risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption and smoking. Upon admission, he exhibited high anxiety and severe dizziness. Nursing care focused on preventing complications related to stroke and hyperglycemia, rapid diagnostic assessment, and close monitoring of vital signs and neurological status. The patient was admitted for 3 days (December 15–17, 2023). His condition improved: there were no further episodes of limb weakness, and his dizziness subsided. He was discharged with a home care plan that included regular medication adherence, dietary control, physical activity, follow-up appointments, and lifestyle modification to prevent recurrence.