DOWNHILL RUNNING: MECHANISMS OF EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE AND TRAINING STRATEGIES FOR NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATION
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Abstract
Downhill running involves substantial eccentric muscle contractions, leading to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and neuromuscular fatigue. This review aimed to: 1) synthesize evidence on the mechanisms of EIMD following downhill running, 2) identify key factors influencing its magnitude, and 3) evaluate training strategies that facilitate neuromuscular adaptation. Evidence indicates that slope, running speed, exercise duration, and training specificity are primary determinants of EIMD severity. Markers of muscle damage include reductions in maximal voluntary contraction, elevated circulating creatine kinase, and delayed onset muscle soreness. Biomechanical variables, such as stride characteristics, foot strike patterns, and body composition, further modulate mechanical load and force distribution during downhill running. Adaptation is largely mediated by the repeated bout effect (RBE), which attenuates muscle damage upon subsequent exposures. Training interventions, including progressive load management, technique optimization, and adjunct strategies (e.g., compression garments), may mitigate mechanical stress and enhance recovery. Overall, effective management of mechanical load and targeted neuromuscular adaptation strategies are critical for reducing injury risk and optimizing downhill running performance in both trained and recreational trail runners
Article Details
เนื้อหาและข้อมูลในบทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารวิทยาศาสตร์การกีฬาและนวัตกรรมสุขภาพ กลุ่มมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏแห่งประเทศไทย ถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรงซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการวารสาร ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใด ๆ
บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารวิทยาศาสตร์การกีฬาและนวัตกรรมสุขภาพ กลุ่มมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏแห่งประเทศไทย ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของคณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏศรีสะเกษ หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใด จะต้องได้รับอนุญาตเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรจากวารสารวิทยาศาสตร์การกีฬาและนวัตกรรมสุขภาพ กลุ่มมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏแห่งประเทศไทย ก่อนเท่านั้น
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