THE CONSTRUCTION OF MENTAL TOUGHNESS MEASURE AND NORMATIVE CRITERIA FOR THAI ARCHERS
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Abstract
The purposes of this research were to: 1) develop the Mental Toughness Scale and Norms for Thai Archers, and 2) establish mental toughness norms for Thai archers. Data were collected via purposive sampling from 150 Thai archers who had participated in at least one national-level archery competition. The research instrument utilized was the Mental Toughness Scale and Norms for Thai Archers, constructed based on Loehr’s (1986) mental toughness framework. The scale consists of 7 components: Self-Confidence, Negative Energy Control, Attention Control, Visualisation, Motivation Level, Positive Energy, and Attitude Control. Data were analyzed using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC), which ranged between 0.66 and 1.00, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which was found to be 0.83. The overall mental toughness score of Thai archers showed a mean of 155.42 and a standard deviation of 19.23. Norms were established using T-scores and percentiles for score interpretation. The findings indicated that the Mental Toughness Scale and Norms for Thai Archers demonstrated acceptable content validity and internal consistency at a good level, providing appropriate preliminary psychometric properties for initial evaluation and score interpretation among national-level archers. However, its implementation as a standardized tool should be considered within the limitations of unverified construct validity
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เนื้อหาและข้อมูลในบทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารวิทยาศาสตร์การกีฬาและนวัตกรรมสุขภาพ กลุ่มมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏแห่งประเทศไทย ถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรงซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการวารสาร ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใด ๆ
บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารวิทยาศาสตร์การกีฬาและนวัตกรรมสุขภาพ กลุ่มมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏแห่งประเทศไทย ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของคณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏศรีสะเกษ หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใด จะต้องได้รับอนุญาตเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรจากวารสารวิทยาศาสตร์การกีฬาและนวัตกรรมสุขภาพ กลุ่มมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏแห่งประเทศไทย ก่อนเท่านั้น
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