Health Belief Model Influencing Glycated Hemoglobin Control in Diabetes Patients in Moklan Subdistrict, Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province.

Abstract

            This research employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design with the objectives of examining the levels of health belief model (HBM) constructs and analyzing the influence of these constructs on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Moklan Subdistrict, Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The sample consisted of 171 diabetic patients selected through simple random sampling. The research instrument was a validated and reliable questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.

            The results revealed that the majority of the participants were female (74.85%) with an average age of 47.41 years. The mean HbA1C level was 6.41%, and 69.59% of the participants were able to maintain good glycemic control. Regarding HBM constructs, most participants had moderate levels of perceived susceptibility and severity, high levels of cues to action, and high levels of perceived barriers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high level of perceived severity (Adjusted OR = 2.71, p < 0.001) and a high level of cues to action (Adjusted OR = 2.22, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with effective HbA1C control. In contrast, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers were not statistically significant predictors. These findings indicate that enhancing patients’ awareness of the severity of diabetes and promoting supportive cues from family members and healthcare personnel are key factors in effective blood sugar control. The results suggest that community-based diabetes care models should integrate strategies to strengthen health beliefs and social support systems.