Effects of a Self-Management Program Using Remote Monitoring on Self-Care Behaviors and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at Sam Chai Hospital, Kalasin Province

Abstract

               This two-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the effects of a self-management program using remote monitoring on knowledge, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control at Sam Chai Hospital, Kalasin Province. The sample comprised 90 participants equally allocated to an intervention group and a comparison group, with 45 participants in each group. The intervention group received the 12-week program in addition to usual care, whereas the comparison group received usual care alone. Data were collected using a diabetes knowledge test, a self-efficacy questionnaire, a self-care behavior questionnaire, and an HbA1c recording form. The reliability coefficients of the three questionnaires were 0.82, 0.91, and 0.89, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and independent-samples t-tests.

            The results showed that, following the intervention, the intervention group had significantly higher knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-care behavior scores and significantly lower HbA1c levels. Compared with the comparison group, the intervention group demonstrated a greater increase in self-efficacy by 0.27 points (95% CI: 0.12–0.42; p<.001), a greater increase in self-care behavior by 6.40 points (95% CI: 1.87–10.92; p=.006), and a greater reduction in HbA1c by 0.34 percentage points (95% CI: 0.06–0.62; p=.019). The change in knowledge scores did not differ significantly between the groups (p=.093). These findings suggest that the program may improve self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes.