Assess the Knowledge and Awareness of Disaster Risks among 15 - 60 Years Old in Bangkok

Abstract

Bangkok faces significant disaster risks, including floods driven by climate change and rapid urbanization, which compromise its infrastructure and citizen safety. Effective disaster management relies on public awareness, education, and preparedness to mitigate impacts and build resilience. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and risk perception of disasters among Bangkok residents aged 15-60 years, analyze factors influencing their perceptions, and suggest measures to improve disaster preparedness. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms from 15 March to 30 April 2024. A random sample size of 345 participants was calculated using  Cochran’s formula; however, 586 respondents volunteered to participate. A set of questionnaire was developed based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and Health Belief Model (HBM); and validated by three experts in disaster management using the item-objective congruence (IOC) method, achieving a mean IOC score of 0.8. Reliability was confirmed through a pilot study with 30 respondents, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.85. Demographic data, disaster related knowledge and risk perception levels were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The participants,  predominantly female (61.60%), had a mean age distribution with 24.23% aged 41-50 years. The majority had a  bachelor’s degree (45.90%) and resided in families of 3-5 members (70.99%). While 61.26% had first-aid training, 64.85% lacked CPR training. Most respondents demonstrated moderate knowledge of disasters (47.44%) and moderate risk perception levels (38.90%) regarding their residential areas. Regression analysis identified education level as a significant predictor of risk perception (Beta = 0.186, p < 0.001). The findings highlighted a moderate level of disaster awareness and risk perception among Bangkok residents, reflecting the city’s limited experience with severe disasters. Educational interventions tailored to local risks, such as air pollution (PM2.5) and traffic accidents, are crucial for enhancing preparedness and resilience. Instrument validation ensures that the study’s findings are robust and applicable to improving disaster management strategies. These insights underscore the importance of integrating disaster education into school curricula, public campaigns, and community-based training to reduce vulnerabilities and foster sustainable disaster management strategies.