Behavioral Ecology of Adult Anopheles gambiae: Insights for Malaria Control in Sub-Saharan Africa
คำสำคัญ:
Anopheles gambiae, , Feeding, , Resting, , Malaria Transmission Dynamics, , Malaria Controlบทคัดย่อ
Background: Malaria remains a significant challenge to public health and socio-economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa, primarily transmitted by the vector Anopheles gambiae.
Objective: This review aims to examine the behavioural ecology of A. gambiae and synthesize the implications for current and future malaria control strategies.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the factors influencing the vectorial capacity of A. gambiae and the integrated approaches for its control.
Results: The efficiency of A. gambiae as a vector is driven by its nocturnal, anthropophilic feeding habits and remarkable environmental adaptability. Key anthropogenic and ecological factors, including urbanisation and climate change, are shifting mosquito habitats and influencing critical behaviours. Furthermore, evolving metabolic resistance compromises conventional chemical control. The impact of malaria is multifaceted, encompassing severe health outcomes and significant economic burdens. Emerging technologies like CRISPR-based gene drives, Wolbachia biocontrol, and the R21/MM vaccine offer promising solutions. Sustainable success is contingent on integrating these with community-driven interventions like larval source management within a holistic One Health approach.
Conclusion: Eradicating malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa is an attainable yet formidable goal. Future efforts must prioritize rigorous field testing of novel tools and generate predictive models through interdisciplinary research that integrates behavioural, ecological, and socioeconomic data. This requires adaptive, evidence-based strategies and enhanced surveillance systems.
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