Incidence and Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm infants at Samutprakarn Hospital
Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, , Preterm infantsAbstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication in preterm infants. Increased awareness of BPD risk factors and the implementation of preventive strategies may help reduce the incidence of BPD in the future.
Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with a birth weight ≤1,500 g at Samutprakarn Hospital.
Materials and methods: This study was a retrospective chart review. We included preterm infants with a birth weight ≤1,500 g who were admitted to Samutprakarn Hospital between January 2020 and December 2024. The incidence and risk factors of BPD were analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results: A total of 264 patients were included in the study; 113 (42.8%) were diagnosed with BPD. Significant risk factors for BPD included cesarean delivery (p = 0.034), respiratory distress syndrome (p < 0.001), surfactant therapy (p < 0.001), late-onset neonatal sepsis (p < 0.001), retinopathy of prematurity (p < 0.001), lower mean birth weight (p = 0.001), small for gestational age (SGA) status (p = 0.002), lower mean gestational age (p < 0.001), Apgar score < 7 at 1 minute (p < 0.001), Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes (p < 0.001), patent ductus arteriosus (p < 0.001), apnea (p < 0.001), aminophylline therapy (p = 0.049), ventilator support on the first day of life (p < 0.001), use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (p < 0.001) and longer duration of mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The incidence of BPD among preterm infants with a birth weight ≤ 1,500 g at Samutprakarn Hospital was 42.8%. Risk factors for BPD identified in this study included cesarean delivery, respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant therapy, late-onset neonatal sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, lower mean birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA) status, lower mean gestational age, Apgar scores < 7 at 1 and 5 minutes, patent ductus arteriosus, apnea, aminophylline therapy, ventilator support on the first day of life, use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. These findings may be useful for future surveillance and the development of prevention strategies for BPD.
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