Efficacy Study of High Flow Nasal Cannula in Neonatal Patients with Respiratory Failure In Kantharalak Hospital, Sisaket Province

Abstract

The purpose of this descriptive research aim to compare treatment results, complications, treatment failure leading to endotracheal intubation, the number of bed days, and treatment costs. In the group of patients treated with conventional and HFNC, the sample group consisted of newborns with respiratory failure. In Kantharalak Hospital, was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.4 package 100 sample, collected data medical records of newborn patients with respiratory failure, between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2022, for a total of 4 years using a tool consisting of       2 parts: general information and treatment results, reliability and validity by experts. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, including number, percentage, mean, proportion, standard deviation and inferential statistics; including the Chi-Square, Independent t-test.

The results found that the sample group received conventional treatment: 48 people (48.0%) and 52 people (52.0%) received HFNC treatment. The HFNC treatment group had better treatment results than the conventional group. In terms of complications, treatment failures requiring intubation were found to be less in the HFNC group than in the conventional group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The conventional group had a higher rate of failures requiring intubation. Assisted breathing was 97%, while the HFNC group had an 84% improvement in symptoms. As for the number of days of bed rest, treatment costs were not statistically different. Both groups treated with conventional and HFNC, both groups had an average number of days of bedtime of approximately    5 days and an average cost of approximately 17,000 baht. Patients in both groups had similar general information. Most of them were born at full term, their birth weight was within the range of 2500–3500 grams, and most of them were born in normal labor. Birth asphyxia was found in 3 people, and meconium in 4 people. In the conventional group, there were 2 twins, BBA in 1 person, and shoulder dystocia in 1 person. In the HFNC group, there was placenta previa in 1 person and BBA in 1 person. Main disease people found that the groups treated with conventional and HFNC had early-onset neonatal sepsis at 50.9% and 49.1% and congenital pneumonia at 50% and 50%, respectively, which were not statistically different.

The conclusion includes personnel caring for newborn patients with respiratory failure. HFNC should be considered to help reduce complications. Reduce intubation for better treatment results.