Bacterial Pathogens causing Bloodstream infection in a Community Hospital in Sisaket Province

Abstract

          This retrospective descriptive study aimed to analyze the bacterial species that cause bloodstream infections at Rasi Salai Hospital, a community hospital in the northeastern region of Thailand. The sample consisted of 417 patients who visited Rasi Salai Hospital between October 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023, who had positive blood cultures. The data were collected using the WHONET 2022 program and analyzed using simple percentages and Chi-square statistics.
           There were 422 positive blood cultures isolated from 417 patients, which were 417 isolates when counting only the first culture of each organism per patient. 157 isolates were contaminations, 260 were true bloodstream infections, 3 were fungal, and 257 were bacterial from 238 patients. The patients age ranged from 2 to 95 years. 55.0% of patients were male, and 89.0% had underlying diseases, the most common being diabetes. Of 257 isolates, 63.8% were community-acquired, 75.5% were gram-negative and 24.5% were gram-positive. The most encountered organisms were Escherichia coli (95 isolates, 37.0%), Klebsiella pneumonia (32 isolates, 12.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (18 isolates, 7.0%), Burkholderia pseudomallei (16 isolates, 6.2%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (10 isolates, 3.9%). Overall, the sensitivity for ceftriaxone was 81.7% from 191 isolates tested, but in nosocomial gram-negative group, the sensitivity decreased to 62.5% from 56 isolates tested. In the community-acquired group, the prevalence of melioidosis in diabetes patients was significantly higher than that of other patients (17.0% and 5.5%, p = 0.02), while the prevalence of gram-positive septicemia was not different (22.6% and 21.6%, p = 0.88).