Prevalence of Preoperative Corneal Astigmatism and Surgical Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Northeastern patients, Thailand
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Abstract
Cataracts are a common cause of blindness. Preoperative corneal astigmatism can affect postoperative outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence of preoperative corneal astigmatism and the outcomes of cataract surgery. This retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent cataract surgery via phacoemulsification at Warinchamrab Hospital over a 1-year period, involving 372 eyes of 342 patients. Data were collected from electronic medical records and the memory of the Carl Zeiss IOLMaster Advanced Technology V.7.5. The study investigated the prevalence of corneal astigmatism before surgery and analyzed the relationship between corneal astigmatism values and visual acuity at one month after surgery. Statistical data were analyzed using a statistical analysis software program to perform descriptive statistics and analyze the relationship using independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square tests.
This result was found that comprised 372 eyes of 342 patients, with a mean age of 67.2 ± 8.8 years, of whom 41.9% were male. The mean corneal astigmatism was 1.13 ± 0.71 D. The prevalence of corneal astigmatism was as follows: less than 0.5 D (16.9%), 0.5 D to <1.0 D (32.5%), 1.0 D to <2.0 D (40.6%), 2.0 D to <3.0 D (8.9%), and ≥3.0 D (1.1%). The postoperative mean LogMAR visual acuity was 0.15 ± 0.11, 0.19 ± 0.16, 0.24 ± 0.18, 0.29 ± 0.20, and 0.45 ± 0.18, respectively. The success rates (LogMAR VA ≤0.3) were 87.3%, 72.7%, 61.6%, 57.6%, and 25.0%, respectively (p < 0.001).
This study found that the prevalence of preoperative corneal astigmatism in Ubon Ratchathani was slightly higher than in other regions of Thailand. The success rate of visual outcomes in patients with corneal astigmatism of less than 3.0 D was over 50%, suggesting that monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) are a suitable option for this group of patients.
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