Effectiveness of a Health Station–Based Behavioral Modification Program with Telehealth on Self-Care Behaviors and Glycemic Control among Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes, Ban Muang Yaek Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, Khun Han District, Sisaket Province

Abstract

This quasi-experimental study with a two-group pretest–posttest design aimed to compare diabetes knowledge, self-care motivation, self-management skills, self-care behaviors, and blood glucose levels before and after the program in the experimental group, and between the experimental and comparison groups after the program. The sample comprised 64 patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, divided into an experimental group (n = 32) and a comparison group (n = 32), selected by systematic random sampling according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experimental group received an 8-week program developed from the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills model, consisting of seven activities at the community health station, four station-based follow-up visits, two teleconsultation sessions, and continuous motivational support through the LINE application throughout the program, while the comparison group received usual care. Data were collected using a five-part questionnaire with reliability coefficients ranging from 0.78 to 0.94, together with fasting capillary blood glucose testing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The study was conducted from July to August 2026.

The results revealed that after participating in the program, the experimental group's mean diabetes knowledge score increased from 10.59 to 17.66 (MD = 7.07, 95% CI = 6.44 to 7.68), self-care motivation increased from 35.34 to 53.00 (MD = 17.66, 95% CI = 16.08 to 19.23), self-management skills increased from 26.16 to 50.50 (MD = 24.34, 95% CI = 22.77 to 25.92), self-care behaviors increased from 70.09 to 130.66 (MD = 60.57, 95% CI = 57.58 to 63.55), and fasting capillary blood glucose decreased from 158.03 to 135.34 mg/dL (MD = 22.69, 95% CI = 19.71 to 25.67), all with statistical significance (p < 0.001), whereas the comparison group showed no significant change in any variable. When compared between the experimental and comparison groups after the program, the experimental group had a mean diabetes knowledge score of 17.66, higher than the comparison group with a mean of 11.41 (MD = 6.25, 95% CI = 5.39 to 7.11); a mean self-care motivation score of 53.00, higher than 37.09 (MD = 15.91, 95% CI = 13.57 to 18.25); a mean self-management skills score of 50.50, higher than 27.00 (MD = 23.50, 95% CI = 21.09 to 25.91); a mean self-care behavior score of 130.66, higher than 73.75 (MD = 56.91, 95% CI = 53.24 to 60.57); and a mean fasting capillary blood glucose level of 135.34 mg/dL, lower than 163.22 mg/dL (MD = −27.88, 95% CI = −40.38 to −15.37), all with statistical significance (p < 0.001). These findings support that the program may help improve knowledge, motivation, self-management skills, and self-care behaviors, as well as reduce fasting capillary blood glucose in the short term.