Developing a Model for Reducing Suicide Problems Through Emotional Support in Communities in Wiang Sa District, Nan Province

Abstract

Background: Suicide is a major public health problem, particularly among vulnerable populations affected by physical illness, mental health problems, family issues, and socioeconomic difficulties. Developing a community-based suicide prevention model through community participation is therefore essential for reducing risk factors and strengthening psychological resilience among community members.

Objectives: This study aimed to 1) investigate the causes of suicide and assess the mental health status of vulnerable populations in Wiang Sa District, Nan Province; 2) develop and implement the Community Mental Vaccine program to reduce suicide risk factors; and 3) evaluate the effectiveness of the program in preventing suicide among vulnerable populations.

Methods: This participatory action research (PAR) was conducted in collaboration with 46 community network partners. A total of 400 participants were included in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: During 2024–2025, there were 19 completed suicide cases in Wiang Sa District, with most cases occurring among working-age males. Hanging was the most common method of suicide. Major underlying risk factors included severe physical illnesses, psychiatric disorders, and alcohol or substance abuse, whereas the main triggering factors were family conflicts, suffering from illness, and financial problems. The Community Mental Vaccine model was developed by integrating Motivational Interviewing (MI) into a seven-step intervention process, including risk screening, mental health education, coping skill enhancement, social support network development, linkage to mental health services, and continuous follow-up and evaluation. Following implementation, the suicide attempt rate in the district decreased, and participants reported a high level of overall satisfaction with the program (mean = 3.89, SD = 0.72).

Conclusions: The Community Mental Vaccine model, developed through a participatory action research approach and integrated with motivational interviewing, enhanced community capacity to support vulnerable populations, reduced suicide-related risk factors, and showed potential for reducing suicide attempts in the community. This model should be expanded to other areas with similar community contexts.